Lashio University Research Journal 2010, Vol.2, No.1

Uniqueness of Autonomous Planar Differential Equations and Application to the Study of Water Flows with Vorticity

Author - Htay Aung Win, Acting-Rector, Dr., Lashio University.

Abstract

We prove a uniqueness result for autonomous divergence free systems of ordinary differential equations in the plane and give an application to the study of water flows with vorticity.

Neutron Activation Analysis of Some Myanmar Traditional Medicine Formulations

Author - Hnin Hnin Than and Myint U U

Abstract

The Myanmar Traditional Medicine Formulations (TMF) have been used in Myanmar since ancient time. They have long been recognized for its well known therapeutic properties. However systematic and comprehensive sciencitific investigation of elemental role in TMF is found to be lacking. Modern literature has revealed that metal-organic compounds play a very important part in western medicine. This prompted the interest on the role of elements in Myanmar traditional medicine. Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) of TMF-12 (Sakkupala Hsay) and TMF-21 (Hseezaybyu) were carried out with thermal neutrons of BER II (BERLIN-2)

Analytical Solution of Transition Matrix with Yamaguchi Potential

Abstract : The analytical solution of transition matrix is calculated based on Lippmann-Schwinger equation which is also derived from well known Schrödinger equation.  From the transition matrix, the phase shift is calculated.  The nature of interaction is deduced from the phase shift results.

Authors : Htun Htun Oo[1], Kyi Kyi Win[2], Aung Zaw Moe[3]

---

[1]Dr, Associate Professor, Physics Department, Lashio University

[2] Lecturer, Physics Department, Lashio University

[3]Dr, Lecturer, Physics Department, Lashio University

Remark : Lashio University Research Journal 2015, Vol-6. 

Analysis of the Electromagnetic Frequency Field Strengths from Cellular Phones

Abstract : Radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RFR), a form of energy between 10kHz-300GHz in the electromagnetic spectrum, is used in wireless communication and emitted from antennae of mobile telephones and from cellular masts. The intensity of RFR in the environment is measured in unit mW/m². Mobile phones give off radiofrequency energy. Radiofrequency energy is a form of non ionizing electromagnetic radiation. Radiofrequency electromagnetic waves emitted from cell phones may lead to oxidative stress in human semen. In this research the radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation from the cellular phones and Wi-Fi are detected by using the Electrosmog meter CORNET and the detection data are analysed for the human health.

Authors : Yin Mon Kyaw^[1], Htwe HtweNge^[2], Kay Thi Thin^[3]

---

[1]  Demonstrator, Physics Department, Lashio University

[2]Demonstrator, Physics Department, Lashio University

[3]Professor, Head of Department, Physics Department, Lashio University

Remark : Lashio University Research Journal 2015, Vol-6.

Comparison of Quark-Like Model and Liquid Drop Model for Most of Stable Nuclides

Abstract : In this paper, the nuclear binding energies of most nuclides in the integrated quark-like model (QLM) are compared with available experimental values and also with values from the liquid drop model (LDM).Compared to LDM, this QLM formula is not only simple to comprehend but also possesses the features of natural symmetry.

Authors :Kyaw Thiha[1], Kay Thi Thin[2]

---

[1]Dr, Demonstrator, Physics Department, Lashio University

[2]Dr,Professor and Head, Physics Department, Lashio University

Remark : Lashio University Research Journal 2015, Vol-6. 

A study of some moral lessons from Aesop’s fables

Abstract :  Fables consist simply in the narration of a story either founded on facts, or created solely by the imagination. The rhetoricians and philosophers were accustomed to give the Fables of Aesop as an exercise to their scholars, not only inviting them to discuss the moral of the tale, but also to practice and to perfect themselves thereby in style and rules of grammar. Aesop’s Fables ever aim at one great end and purpose representation of human motive, and the improvement of human conduct, and yet it so conceals its design under the disguise of fictitious characters. When we study Aesop’s fables we can learn how man ought to behave in order to live a good life.

Authors :  U Sint * /  Lecturer, Department of Philosophy, Lashio University.

Remark : Lashio University Research Journal 2015, Vol- 6.

Geochemistry of the Gneiss and Marble Hosted Mineralization in Chaunggyi Area, Thabeikkyin Township, Mandalay Region

Abstract : Chaunggyi area lies in the northern part of the Singu Township and Southern part of the Thabeikkyin Township. It is located between latitude 22° 42' 30" N to 22° 48' 00"  N and longitude 96° 00' 00"  E to 96° 03' 30"E in one inch to one mile scale topographic maps of 93 B/1 and 93 B/2.The underlied rocks in research  area is mainly composed of the metamorphic rocks and intruded igneous rocks. Numerous productive gold mines are found throughout the area. The gold bearing mineralized veins are hosted in gneiss and marbles. Gold is essentially occurred in quartz veins, quartz sulfide veins, quartz veinlets and adjacent wall rock alteration zone.Under the ore microscope, the ore minerals comprise mainly of gold, electrum, pyrite, sphalerite, galena and minor amount of covellite, chalcosite and hematite. Among the controlling factors, structural control is more significant for ore mineralization. The mineralization is found from Precambrian (4000 Ma) to Ordovician ( 330 Ma) lithologic units. The mineralization is not stratabound deposite, occurring wide range of geologic time. The ore in the research area is sulphide ore and the possible origin would be hydrothermal which is genetically linked with calc-alkaline, peraluminous S-type magma.

Authors :  Maung Naing[1]

---

[1] Demonstrator,  Department of Geology, Lashio University 

Remark : Lashio University Research Journal 2015, Vol-6.

Investigation and Interpretation of Pure Organic Compound Isolated from Rhizome of Orchis Latifolia Linn.

Abstract : In this Research work, one Myanmar indigenous medicinal plant, Orchis Latifolia Linn. was collected from Lashio Township, Northern Shan State in Myanmar. Determination of Antimicrobial activities and the phytochemical Screening of rhizome of this plant were performed. Furthermore the pure organic compound was isolated from the rhizome of Orchis Latifolia Linn. by using Thin Layer and Column Chromatographic methods. The dark green oily form compound was obtained.  The yield percent of this compound is calculated as (0.03 %) based upon the crude sample. 
                 The antimicrobial activities of pure compound were rechecked and it shows medium activities on Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus pumilus and E. coli in ethyl alcohol solution
                   Finally, the prominent functional groups containing in this compound were
assigned by FT-IR spectrum.

Authors : Myint Myint Yee[1], Myint Myint Sein[2]

---

[1]  Dr, Associate Professor, Department of Chemistry, Lashio University

2  Dr, Professor and Head(Rtd) , Department of Chemistry, University  of Mandalay

Remark : Lashio University Research Journal 2015, Vol-6.

Palaemonid Prawns from Nam Hmyaw Stream, Lashio, Northern Shan State

Abstract : A total of three palaemonid prawn species: Macrobrachium lamarrei, M. palaemonoides and   M. lanchesteri were recorded from Nam Hmyaw Stream, Lashio, Northern Shan State during July, 2014 to January, 2015. Morphometric characters of these three Macrobranchium species were described. Overall species composition of M. lamarrei, M. palaemonoides and   M. lanchesteri were the highest (79%), (13%) and the 
lowest as (8%) respectively.

Authors : Lei Lei Khaing, [1] Moe Moe Khine [2]

---

[1] MSc Student,

[2] Lecturer,  Department of Zoology, Lashio University

Remark : Lashio University Research Journal 2015, Vol-6.

Matching and Its Applications

Abstract :Some basic definitionsand notations are considered. The maximal
matching, the complete matching and stable matching with some useful theorems (as Köningtheorem, Hall’s Marriage theorem) are studied. Moreover, we illustrated some examples with applications.

Authors : Dr. Aye Aye Maw [1]

---

[1] Associate Professor, Department of Mathematics, Lashio University

Remark : Lashio University Research Journal 2015, Vol-6. 

Some Useful Activities for Fluency in Teaching Speaking

Abstract : The present research emphasizes on the activities which are useful and effective in teaching speaking to those students who are learning English as a second language. The university students in Myanmar practice English as the second language with straightforward coursebooks and global coursebooks. These coursebooks are so effective that they provide various activities for each skill and every lesson contains opportunities for communicative practice. The data in the present research are collected during the teaching periods using level 3, Global coursebook from fifty students, Third Year English specialization, Lashio University. Based on the data, it is obviously found that activities can motivate students to participate in their societies and their speaking skill can be improved step by step through activities to become fluent speakers.

Authors :Nang Hla Win Khaing[1]

---

[1] Assistant Lecturer, Department of English

Remark : Lashio University Research Journal 2015, Vol. 6

Isolation and structural identification of lapachol and another unknown compound from the stem bark of Dolichandrone crispa seem. (Tha-khut).

Abstract : In this research work, the stem bark of Dolichandrone crispa seem (Tha-khut) was collected from Kanbalu Township, Sagaing Region in Myanmar. Firstly, the collected sample was tested by phytochemical screening, which gave positive for glycoside, flavnoid, polyphenol, phenolic, sugar, terpene, saponin, lipophenol, tannins and alkaloid tests. Antibacterial activities of the stem bark of Tha-khut in various solvent system were tested by Agar well diffusion method on four selected organisms.  The ethyl acetate extract of this plant responds high activities on two tested organisms such as Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus.  The ethanol extract respond medium activities on these two selected organisms.

Authors :  Dr Thein Tun Aung

              Lecturer DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY Lashio University

Remark : Reseacrh  Journal in commemoration of Lashio University

Isolation of Rhizobium strain from Wild Legumes and their Effect on Growth of Soybean

Abstracts : Three strains of Rhizobium spp. LR-01,LR-02, and LR-03 were isolated from root nodules of Mimosa pudica L., Sesbania sesban(L.)Merrill and Aeschynomene indica L. respectively. All of these strains were identified as Rhizobium according to the colony morphology, gram staining and microscopical characters.In pot experiment, the germinated seeds of Glycine max (L.) Merrill (Soybean) were inoculated with the isolated rhizobial strains LR-01,LR-02, LR-03 and planted from October 2013 to January 2014.The rhizobium strain LR-03 isolated from Aeschynomene indica L. is better growth effect than the other strains for cultivation of Soybean.

Authors : Thi Thi Htun  & La Ring  

               Department of Botany

Remark : Research Journal in Commemoration of Lashio University.

Some Useful Activities for Fluency in Teaching Speaking

Abstract : The present research emphasizes on the activities which are useful and effective in teaching speaking to those students who are learning English as a second language. The university students in Myanmar practice English as the second language with straightforward coursebooks and global coursebooks. These coursebooks are so effective that they provide various activities for each skill and every lesson contains opportunities for communicative practice. The data in the present research are collected during the teaching periods using level 3, Global coursebook from fifty students, Third Year English specialization, Lashio University. Based on the data, it is obviously found that activities can motivate students to participate in their societies and their speaking skill can be improved step by step through activities to become fluent speakers.

Authors : Nang Hla Win Khaing[1]

---

[1] Assistant Lecturer, Department of English

Remark : Research Journal in Commemoration of Lashio University.

Agricultural Crop Concentration at Chongqing Province, China: A Geographical Analysis

Abstract : In the present paper the agricultural cropping pattern in Chongqing Province is outlined, followed by the discussion on the area under individual crops. Bhatia’s method is used for concentration of selected crops. In this paper an attempt is made to study the changes in agricultural crop concentration in the study region. There has been a significant variation in the area patterns of the agricultural crop concentration in the study region. The indice of agricultural crop concentration area calculated for two periods i.e. 2002 and 2012 and are given in the (Table 1). Final conclusions is made based on two maps. The spatial variations in the degree of agricultural crop concentration area are found to be the result of the different interaction such as physio-graphic, climatic, hydrological, socioeconomic and technological factors in organizational effect of the study area.

Authors :   MYA MIN[1]

---

[1] Lecturer, Department of Geography, Lashio University, Lashio, Myanmar

Remark : Research Journal in Commemoration of Lashio University.  

A Note on the Significance of Northern Shan State Biodiversity

Authors : This work reveals the global and national significances of Shan State as well as Myanmar Biodiversity and highlights there is a need to develop a sustainable development/utilization of its biological and other resources for long term existence and wisely utilization by collaboration with local communities, local authorities, nongovernmental organizations, governmental institutions as well as international institutions.

Authors :  Moe Moe Dwe* 

*Professor, Department of Zoology, Lashio University

Remark : Research Journal in Commemoration of Lashio University.

Comparison of Quark-Like Model and Liquid Drop Model for Most of Stable Nuclides

Abstract : In this paper, the nuclear binding energies of most nuclides in the integrated quark-like model (QLM) are compared with available experimental values and also with values from the liquid drop model (LDM).Compared to LDM, this QLM formula is not only simple to comprehend but also possesses the features of natural symmetry.

Authors : KyawThiha[1],Kay Thi Thin[2]

---

[1]Dr, Demonstrator, Physics Department, Lashio University

[2]Dr,Professor and Head, Physics Department, Lashio University

Remark : Research Journal in Commemoration of Lashio University.

Pigeonhole Principles and Its Applications

Abstract : The purpose of this paper is to present Pigeonhole principles and their applications in some practical and distribution situations such as resettlement of human resources, personal assignment problems, storage problem of dam and reserviour as well as warehouse, etc.

Authors : Dr. Kyi Kyi Naing[1]

---

[1] Associate professor, Department of Mathematics, Lashio University. 

Remark : Research Journal in Commemoration of Lashio University.

Stratigraphy Of The Kyaukmaw-Pegon Area, Momeik Township

Abstract : The research area falls within the western part of Momeik Township. Geotectonically, the study area occupies in the boundary area between the Mogok metamorphic belt (MMB) and the Tagaung - Myitkyina belt (TMB). This area is cut across by east-west trending Momeik fault.The southern part of Momeik fault is characterized by MMB, consisting of biotite gneiss, calc-silicate and a variety of marble and its related granitic rocks. The general trend of these rocks is nearly NE-SW direction and dipping towards northwest. The metamorphic rocks exposed north of Momeik fault consist of phyllite, schist, amphibolite,  diposide  calc-silicate, leucogneiss and the gabbroic rock intruding schist unit. The general trend is NE_SW and dipping towards southeast.Serpentinite and basalt are aslo exposed in this part .Moreover, gitty sandstone crops out in this part. Structurally, to the east of the study area, the distinguishing and traceable and traceable major linearments are bending in sigmoisd form.

Authors : Tin Myo Myo Htwe and Soe Min Thant
                  1. Lecture, Department of Geology, Lashio University
                   2. Demonstrator, Department of Geology, Lashio University


Remark : Universities Research Journal 2014, Vol. 7, No. 4

Geochemistry and Origin of the Gneiss and Marble Hosted Mineralization in Chaunggyi Area, Thabeikkyin Township, Mandalay Region

Abstract : The Chaunggyi area is located about 104km north of Mandalay. The study area is mainly composed of the metamorphic rocks and intruded ingneous rocks and falls in Mogok Metamorphic Belt (MMB). The metamorphic untis comprise Precambrian hornblende gneiss, Lower  Paleozoic banded biotite gneiss the Upper Paleozoic to Mesozoic marble units and related rocks. The general structural trend of the area is nearly N-S. It is located in the southern part of gold base metal sulfide Shante Belt. Numerous Productive gold mines are found throughout the area. The gold bearing veins are hosted by gneiss and marbles. Once the hydrothermal soultion enters the fracture system and it does dissolve the country rocks. Thus, the fractures in marble become wider than the initial state. As a result, economic important of Au-Ag mineralization could be probably observed in the marble than gneisses of the area. Mineral assemblages in gold deposits vary from mine to mine. Under the ore microscopic, the ore minerals comprise mainly of gold, electrum,pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena, and minor amount of tetrahedrite, covellite , chalcosite, and hematite. Pyrite-chalcopyrite- gold- sphalerite assemblage is the most common. Among the controlling factors, structural control is more significant for mineralization. In terms of major elements, the granitic rocks of the study area fall in calc-alkaline field , peraluminous type , calcic series indicating S-type nature. Based on the above mentioned fact, the ore in the study area is sulphide ore and the possible origin would be hydrothermal which is genetically linked with calc-alkaline, peraluminous S-type magma.

Authors : Maung Naing , Demonstrator, Department of Geology, Lashio University

Remark : Universities Research Journal 2014, Vol. 7, No.4

Structure Elucidation of Bioactive Organic Compound Isolated from the Whole Plant of Erianthus chrysothrix Hack. (Thetkal)

Abstract : In this research work, Erianthus chrysothrix  Hack., Myanmar indigenous medicinal Plants, which is known as Thetkal in Myanmar was selected. Firstly, preliminary phytochemical test of the plant of Thetkal shows the presence of alkaloid, glycoside, terpene, phenol, polyphenol, saponin, reducing sugar and lipophilic group. The antimicrobial activities of crude extract of the whole plant of Thetkal responds high activities on, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus pumilus, Candida albicans and E. coil. And then EtOH extract gives low activities on these six organisms. Furthermore, a pure compound (TDThin-1) was isolated as dark green oily form by modern methods such as Thin Layer and Column Chromatography from the whole plant of Erianthus chrysothrix Hack. The yield percent of this compound was found to be 0.54% (10.2mg) based upon the ethyl acetate crude extract. This pure compound gives positive phenol test. Antimicrobial activities of this pure compound were rechecked by using Agar-well diffusion method. It responds high activities on Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Psedomonas  aeruginosa, Bacillus pumilus, Candida albicans and E.coli. In addition, the molecular formula of pure compound (TD Thin-1) could be determined as C₂₉H₃₄N₂O₇ applying some spectroscopic methods such as FT-IR, ¹H NMR (500 MHz), ¹³C NMR (125 MHz), DEPT and EI-Mass spectral data respectively. The complete structure of this compound could be elucidated by DQF-COSY, HMQC and HMBC spectroscopic methods. The hydrogen deficiency index of this compound is 14. Finally, stereochemistry of compound (TDThin-1) was determined by using ¹H NMR splitting patterns, coupling constant (J-value) and model studies.The complete structure of the compound (TDThin-1) is described as follows.


Authors : Thida Thin and Myint Myint Sein
(1) Lecturer, Dr, Department of Chemistry, Lashio University.
(2) Professor and Head (Rtd) , Dr, Department of Chemistry, University of Mandalay.

Remark : Universities Research Journal 2014, Vol-7, No-1.

A Geographical Study on Awareness of Local People on Physical Environment in Lashio Township

Abstract : The respondents' awareness on their physical environment, in which air pollution, water pollution, soil depletion, deforestion, natural plants, wildife, forests, climate and rivers/ streams are included, is also made an analysis of. The images they have are then differentiated into strong images, mediom images and weak images. For the images provided by the respondents in Lashio, strong images will be described as >150, medium images between 100 and 150 and weak images < 100 while strong images will be regarded as>50, medium images between 10 and 50 and weak images <10 for the description of images by the respondents in the three village tracts. The images of the respondents that can be regarded as strong images are air pollution, changes in rivers/streams/lakes and ponds, climate change, deforestation, changes in the existence of wild animals and changes in native plants. The images that are found to represent medium images are changes to native plants, changes to forests, water pollution, deforestation, soil degradation, changes to wild animals, and changes to rivers, streams, lakes and ponds while changes to wild animals, soil degradation, changes to rivers, streams, lakes and ponds, air pollution and water pollution are found to represent weak images.

Authors : Nang Htwe Linn/ Assistant Lecturer, Department of Geography, Lashio University

Remark : Universities Research Journal 2014, Vol.7 , No.5

ပိဋကတ္ေတာ္ပိုင္းျခားပံု

Abstract : ဤစာတမ္းတြင္ ဗုဒၶ၏တရားေတာ္ တို႔ကို အဂၤါယနာ(၃)တန္ျဖင့္ အတည္ျပဳခဲ့ေၾကာင္း နိဒါန္း၌တင္ျပထားပါသည္။ ထိုေနာက္ ပိဋကဟူေသာ ေဝါဟာရ၏အဓိပါၸယ္ကို အက်ဥ္းမ်ွေဖာ္ျပထားပါသည္။ ဆက္လက္၍ ဗုဒၶ၏တရားေတာ္တို႔ကို နည္းအမ်ဳိးမ်ိဳးျဖင့္ ပိုင္းျခားခြဲေဝပံုတိုအနက္ ပိဋကတ္ အားျဖင့္ပိုင္းျခားပံုကို အနည္းငယ္မ်ွ အေလးေပးေဖာ္ျပထားပါသည္။ ထို႔ေနာက္ ပိဋကတ္ဆိုင္ရာ ဗဟုသုတမ်ားတိုးပြားေစရန္ အားထုတ္သင့္ေၾကာင္း တင္ျပထားပါသည္။


Authors : ခင္ေမာင္ဝင္း / ကထိက၊ အေရွ႔တိုင္းပညာဌာန၊ လားရႈိးတကၠသိုလ္

Remark : Research Journal In Commemoration of 7^th  Anniversary of Lashio University.

 

COMPARISON BETWEEN CONSEQUENTIALISM AND NON-CONSEQUENTIALISM

Abstract : The purpose of this research paper is to understand clearly and distinctly about consequentialism and nonconsequentialism, and how much it is applicable in society. Then a comparative study is made between these two theories. Thus the compact view of these two theories, various critical reviews of these theories and reliability of these theories in the social relationships of our daily life are presented.

Authors : Khin Myo Myint / Lecturer, Department of Philosophy , Lashio University

Remark : Research Journal In Commemoration Of 7th Anniversary of Lashio University

Background History of Nyaungyan Township

Abstract : Nyaungyan Region was included in one of 43 frontier towns in Pagan perios. During the reign of King Uzana (1322-1343) , Thingyi horse army which include Nyaungyan, Meiktila, Yintaw and San-majeik-Shay. In the lake Konbaung Period. It was include in A-Shae- Let of Shwepiyanaung. (the east branch of horse army ). Myanmar King practiced the Monachial system. The administration was divided into two, the central administration and the provincial adiministration. Nyaungyan Township was placed under the provincial administration. The King provided the land to A-hmu-htans (service). So, it was important as a military strategic Position. Morever, Nyaungyan township was the second growing rice region in the Southern Tike (Taunggoo District).

Authors : Khin Mar Swe / Lecture , Department of History, Lashio University

Remark : Research Journal In Commemoration of 7th Anniversary of Lashio University

A Geographical Analysis of Agricultural Land Use Concentration in Lashio Township

Abstract : In the present paper the agricultural land use pattern in Lashio Township is outlined , followed by the discussion on the area under individual agricultural land use. Location Quotient method is used for concentration of selected agricultrual land use. In this paper an attempt is made to study the changes in agricultural land use concentration in the study region. There has been a significant variation in the area patterns of the agricultural land use concertration in the study region. The indices of agricultural land use concentration area calculated for two periods i.e.2004-2005 and 2010-2011 and are given in Tables-1. The spatial variations in the degree of agricultural land use concentration area are found to be the result of the different interaction such as physiographic, climatic, hydrological, socio-economic and technological factors in organizational of an area.

Authors : Thet Tun, Mya Min
                1. Dr., Lecturer, Department of Geography, Lashio University
                2. Assistant Lecturer, Department of Geography, Lashio University

Remark : Research Journal In Commemoration Of 7th Anniversary of Lashio University

BOTANICAL STUDY ON Stachytarpheta indica L.

Abstract : The herbaceous plant Stachytarpheta indica L. which widely grown as weeds in this research area as well as in Myanmar was studied on its morphological characters, anatomical characters and its folk medicinal uses. Their distinct characters were described with colour plates. Some of its Myanmar folk medicinal uses are in agreement with the other Asiatic Countries that mentioned in the literatures and references.


Authors : Khin Aye Win / Associate Professor, Department of Zoology, Lashio University.


Remark : Research Journal  In Commemoration of 7^th Anniversary of Lashio University.

HEAVY MINERAL ANALYSIS OF THE UPPER PEGU GROUP EXPOSED IN NATOGYI-TAUNGTHAR AREA, MANDALAY REGION

Abstract : The study area is situated about 6 miles southwest of the Natogyi Township, Mandalay Region. The field area lies between East Longitude 95º30' to 95º41' and North Latitude 21º15' to 21º26' in one-inch topographic map 84 O/11.  The stratigraphic succession of the study area in ascending order is: (1) Moza Formation (Middle Miocene), (2) Khabo Sandstone (Upper part of Middle Miocene) and (3) Irrawaddy Formation (Pontian to Pliocene). The most common heavy minerals are tourmaline, zircon, rutile, hornblende, garnet, epidote, opaque minerals, diopside, staurolite, enstatiet, hypersthene, kyanite and olivine. Sphene, andalusite, tremolite and actinolite are present in a few amounts. Euhedral crystal of zircon, tourmaline,hornblende and olivine were derived from acid igneous rock. Enstatite, hypersthene, hornblende and olivine were derived from basic igneous rock. Andalusite, diopside, epidote, garnet, kyanite and straurolite may indicate high grade metamorphic rocks. Rutile, rounded tourmaline and zircon may be derived from reworked sediments.


Authors : Htay Win / Professor & Head, Department of Geology, Lashio University.


Remark : Research Journal In Commemoration of 7^th
  Anniversary of Lashio University.


 

STUDY ON SOME BIRD SPECIES OF LASHIO TOWNSHIP

Abstract : Study on the some birds species in Lashio environ. Birds watching were carried out monthly conducted from July 2012 to June 2013. A total number of 42 species, 32 genera belonging 25 Families under 12 Order are recorded in the study area. Of these 40 species are terrestrial birds while 2 species are water birds. In the present study 34 species and 20 families are recorded in Lashio University campus, 39 species and 25 families in Yae Aye Chaung and 36 species and 20 families in Cultivate land. A total of 22 species in the hot  season, 19 species in wet season and 42 species in cool season were examined, in which 7 species were (winter visitor ) and 35 species were residents. Highest number of birds was investigated in scattered trees (55%), the second highest (37%) in bushes and the lower numbers in human habitation (8%) were observed. The observed species are identified according to species level and described based on the morphological characters. The findings of this work are discussed in association with seasonal chandes and habitat structure.

Authors : Dr. Thida Aung , Dr. San San Aye , Daw Zaw Zaw Soe
                 1. Associate Professor, Department of Zoology, Lashio University
                 2. Associate Professor, Department of Zoology, Lashio University
                 3. Demonstrator, Department of Zoology, Lashio University

Remark : Research Journal In Commemoration Of 7th Anniversary of Lashio University

RITZ METHOD AND Ө - FAMILY METHOD FOR METHOD FOR TIME DEPENDENT PROBLEMS

Abstract : In this paper we deal with combination of two methods to determine approximate solution of time dependent problems. In the finite element solution of time dependent problems we assum that the nodal variables are functions of time. In this way we can solve time dependent problems whose solutions can be represented as a product of a time fucnction and a spatial function.

Authors : Myint Theingi / Assistant Lecturer, Department of History, Lashio University.

Remark : Research Journal In Commemoration Of 7th Anniversary of Lashio University

Personal Distribution of Solar Erythemal Ultraviolet Radiation under Tree Shades in Lashio University Campus, Lashio

Abstract : The personal radiant distribution of solar erythernal UV in tree shade for upright posture was estimated in Lashio university campus. The general tool UV513AB digit UVAB Meter is employed to measure ultraviolet light. The body sites with the lower percentage reduction in the tree shade were R thigh front (49%), L thigh front (51%), R shin front (61%), R ankle front (87%) and L ankle front (14%) in facing north. The amounts of solar radition in two different tree shades are measured in prior at different times of the day and compared with changes in illumination levels and temperature. This paper provides new data that is essential to quantify the human UV exposure during outdoor activities.

Authors : Kyaw Thiha and Kay Thi Thin
                 Demonstrator , Department of Physics, Lashio University
                 Professor and Head, Department of Physics, Lashio University

Remark : Research Journal In Commemoration of 7th Anniversary of Lashio University

Elemental Analysis, Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Activities of the Rhizome of Angiopteris evecta (G.Forts.), (Say-myin-khwar)

Abstract : Angiopteris evecta (G.Forst), Say-myin-khwar is one of the traditional indigenous medicinal plants. In this research work, the determination of phytochemical screening, antimicrobial activities and elemental analysis were described. Medicinal uses of the rhizome of this plant are hypertension, scabies, tuberculosis, and to treat bleeding.
                 The phytochemical screening of the rhizome of Angiopteris evecta (G.Forts.), Say-myin-khwar reveals that it contains flavonoid, glycoside, terpenoids, phenolic compound, saponin and reducing sugar respectively. Furthermore, the antimicrobial activities of the rhizome of Angiopteris evecta (G.Forts.), Say-myin-khwar were carried out by using Agar-well diffusion method in various solvent systems. Among them, ethyl acetate extract of rhizome of Say-myin-khwar responds high activity on Bacillus pumalis and medium activities on two tested organisms such as Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albican. And then EtOH extract gives medium activities on three tested organisms such as Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus pumalis and Candida albican. Moreover, relative compositions of elements in the rhizome of Angiopteris evecta (G.Forst) was determined by EDXRF spectrometer. The total of ten elements, Ca K, P, Fe, S, Ti, Cu, Mn,Zn, and Sr were found in this determination.

Authors : Lwin Mu Aung / Lecture, Department of Chemistry , Lashio University

Remark : Research Journal In Commemoration Of 7th Anniversary of Lashio University.

Petrology of Kengtung Granite, Kengtung Township

Abstract : The study area lies in Kengtung Township, in the eastern part of the Shan State. This study mainly deals with the petrology of the granitic rocks exposed around Kengtung area. Large bodies of granitic rocks exposed in the study area might belong to the so-called Eastern Granitoid Belt of Myanmar. These granites are usually coarse-grained and mineralogically very similar throughout the entire region. They are two mica granites containing abundant orthoclase (±microcline) , Plagioclase, biotite, muscovite and minor hornblende. Accessory minerals are rarely present. The age of these granites is determined by U/Pb dating method of Laser ICPMS yields 216± and 224±4m.y.

Authors : Si Si Mar, Zar Ni Swe
                 Demonstrator , Geology Department, Lashio Unviersity
                 Assistant Lecturer, Geology Department, Lashio University

Remark : Lashio University Research Journal 2014, Vol.5, No.1.

Study On Orchids Widely Grown in Lashio Area

Abstract : Lashio, the studied area, Northern Shan State in Myanmar is mostly distributing with various wild orchids. The member of Orchidaceae from Lashio area, between 22° 39' 53" and 23° 4' 27" N. latitude and 97° 30' 10" and 97° 50' 40"E. longitude, had been collected and studied during the flowering seasons from 2012 to 2014. Among them, 18 species belonging to 8 genera of family Orchidaceae were recorded, identified, classified and described. The morphological characters of these species were also mentioned with not only their scientific names, but also with their myanmar names, local names and flowering periods. Then, preferential photographic plates concerning with the species were also reported. This study can contribute the valuable information of orchid species from Lashio area for future scientific natural researchers.


Authors : Yee Yee Win / Dr, Assistant Lecturer, Department of Botany, Lashio University.


Remark : Lashio University Research Journal 2014, Vol-5.

The Descriptive Account of the Skull and Systematic Study on Baculum of Some Bat Species in Lashio Environs

Abstract : The descriptive account of the skull and systematic study on baculum of some bat species in Lashio environs was conducted from November 2012 to March 2013. A total of five species, belonging to three genera, three families one order of bat species were recorded in Lashio environs. Of these, a single species belongs to family Pteropodidae, and three species under family Hipposideridae and another one species belongs to family Emballonuridae, respectively. The collected specimens were identified down to species level, and described based on the morphological character of skull and baculum according to Bates and Harrison (1997).


Authors : Khattar Hlaing and Hnin May Lwin
(1) Professor (Head), Department of Zoology, Lashio University.
(2) Professor, Department of Zoology, Lashio University.
(3) Assistant Lecturer, Department of Zoology, Lashio University.

Remark : Lashio University Research Journal 2014, Vol-5.

Some Methods of Transportation Problems in Linear Programming

Abstract : The transportation  model is basically a Linear Programming Problem (LPP) that can be solved by regular simplex method. However, its special structure allows the development called transportation technique that is computationally more efficient. We study and compare more efficient methods that have been developed to solve transportation problems.

Authors : Sein Win , Nang San San Myint
(1)  Lecturer, Department of Mathematics, Lashio University.
(2) Assistant Lecturer, Department of Mathematics, Lashio University.

Remark : Lashio University Research Journal 2014, Vol-5.

Empirical Modelling for Solar Ultraviolet Irradiance (UVA and UVB) in Lashio

In this paper, models are developed with regression equations to predict the solar ultraviolet radiation (Iuv) based on measured sun position values for Lashio, in Northern Shan state, Myanmar. These measurements are taken daily in an equinox. The value of the mean bias error (MBE), mean square error(RMSE) and mean percentage error root (MPE) were determined for the equation. The values of the correlation coefficient ( r ) and corfficient of determination(R²) were also determined for each equation. The equation with the highest values of r , R² and at least values of RMSE, MBE and MPE is given as Iuv = 22.49 <sup>e-0.0152 qZ -6.321 named as a natural exponent model where qZ  is solar zenith angle. The results obtained show a remarkable agreement between the measured and the predicted values using our proposed models.

Authors : Kyaw Thiha , Kay Thi Thin
                 Dr, Demonstrator, Physics Department, Lashio University
                 Dr, Professor and Head , Physics Department, Lashio University

Remark : Lashio University Research Journal 2014, Vol.5, No.1</sup>

Analysis of UV Protection in some Creams

Abstract : Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is part of the electromagnetic spectrum. The biological effects of UV radiation vary enormously with wavelength and for this reason the UV spectrum is subdivided into three regions: UVA, UVB and UVC. UV light is particularly concerned with wavelength or type because it can interact with skin cell and cause a variety of damaging effects. In this research six types of UV protection skin lotion cream are analysed for its quality of UV protection. These creams are wiped on glass slices and the UV rays are measured with UV513AB digital light meter by putting under the glass slices in Sunlight. Measurements were done by month by month at Lashio University Campus. According to the analysis, greater the sun protection factor (SPF) skin lotion cream is more effective in the protection of UV radiation.

Authors : Yin Mon Kyaw and Kay Thi Thin
                 Demoster, Physics Department, Lashio University
                 Professor and Head, Physics Department, Lashio University

Remark : Lashio University Research Journal 2014, Vol.5, No.1

Molecular Formula Detgermination and Structural Elucidation of Bioactive Organic Compound Isolated from the Roots of Ochnafruticlosa

Abstract : One Myanmar Traditional Indigenous Medicinal Plant, namely Ochnafruticlosa (IndaingSeni) was selected for chemical investigations. The preliminary phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activities of the roots of this plant. In addition, the pure white needle shape crystal compound was separated by thin layer and column chromatograms. This pure compound has medium activities on E-coli organisms by agar well diffusion method.
                   The molecular formula of this compound could beassigned  as (C24, H19 O7 N) based upon some advanced spectroscopic methods such as Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance,  ¹HNMR (500MHZ), Carbon Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, ¹³CNMR (125MHZ) and Electron Impact Mass (EI-MS) respectively. Then the structure of compound using Double Quantum Filter Correlation Spectroscopy (DQF-COSY), Heteronuclear Multiple Bond Coherence (HMBC) and Heteronuclear Multiple Quantum Coherence (HMQC) spectral data could elucidated.

Authors : Myint Myint Khaing, Thida Win
(1) Dr., Assistance Lecturer, Department of Chemistry, Lashio University.
(2) Dr., Rector, Mandalay University.

Remark : Lashio University Research Journal 2014, Vol-5.

Background History of Theinni

Abstract : In this paper, the background history of Theinni in northern Shan States during the Konbaung Period is discussed. Theinni Township is situated in the northern Shan States, on the Lashio-Muse road and 32 miles away from Lashio. Since the Inwa Period, Theinni had been exited under the rule of Sawbwas and had tensions in its relation with the Myanmar kings. Theinniwas administered by Sawbwa who had great influence and their relations with the Myanmar Kings are described.

Authors : Htay Lwin / Dr., Associate Professor, Department of History , Lashio University.

Remark : Lashio University Research Journal 2014, Vol.5, No.1

A Geographical Analysis on Water Supply in Lashio, Northern Shan State

Abstract : This paper is analysed on the development of spatial and temporal changes and variation of the water supply in Lashio. Lashio  had been a town upgraded and demarcated from the level of a village to a town beginning from 1904. Lashio had been the Headquarters of the District, and Township of Northern Shan State and is the capital of Northern Shan States for many generations. The size of population is some of the most important determinants of the needs of the inhabitants. These needs are expressed in the demand for water supply. The original and former location of Lashio was set up and found at the present site of Lashiogyi ward. Formerly, it was only a small village. In 2013, the area of Lashio Town was 10,976.116 acres (17.15 square miles) and the total wards in Lashio Town were 12 wards. As the area of Lashio town had expanded, water supply of the town had expanded also. Therefore, the spatial and temporal changes and variation of the water supply of Lashio town are related to the expansion of the urban area of Lashio town.

Authors : Nang Paung Aung / Assistant Lecturer, Department of Geography, Lashio University.

Remark : Lashio University Research Journal 2014, Vol-5.

Enhancing Teachers' Skills via Lesson Preparation

Abstract : The aim of this paper was to investigate how to develop the basic language skills  of English language teachers through their lesson preparations. The objectives of this paper were to high-light the needs in teaching preparations and to know the value of the skills of language teaching and to understand how to put these skills into practice as in their lesson preparations and while teaching. This paper will be found out that the teaching staff are able to understand the skills required for teachers' development and how to apply these skills properly. In addition, improving the qualities of teaghing staff as well as students are expected.

Authors : MyaNandar Yee Nyo, May Myat Khaing, Chit Su Maung
                 Assistant Lecturer, Department of English, Lashio University
                 Assistant Lecturer, Department of English, Lashio University
                 Tutor, Department of English, Lashio University

Remark : Lashio University Research Journal 2014, Vol.15, No.1

STUDY ON TYPES OF MYANMAR POETRY AND RHYTHMING SYSTEM

Abstract : In this paper, I try to discover how many kinds of Myanmar poetry have originated; and how many kinds of rhyming systems were used in Myanmar versification. This paper is mainly based on Gabyar-ban-thara-kyan of Bagan-wun-dauk-min U Tin. Some facts are referred to the work of famous Myanmar scholars such as Saya Lan, U Kyaw Yin,        U Pho Sein and U Tun Shwe. As a result, it is found out that there are  72 genres of original Myanmar poetry and 141 sub-genres of myanmar poetry. The prosody of Myanmar poetry is especially based on lay-lone-zatt, acho, pyan-ga-hatt and see-war-done-gyet. It is seen that there are only four main rhyming systems.

Authors : May Myo Hla / Associate Professor,  Myanmar Department , Pakoku University.

Remark : Lashio University Research Journal 2014, Vol-5.

လားရႈိးေဒသိယစကား၏ စကာလံုးရုပ္သြင္ႏွင့္ အနက္အဓိပၸာယ္

Abstracts : ဤစာတမ္းသည္ ျမန္မာဘာသာစကား၏ အသြင္ကြဲဘာသာစကားတစ္ခု ျဖစ္ေသာလားရွိဳးျမိဳ႔သံုး ေဒသိယစကားမ်ားမွ အနက္တူရုပ္သြင္ကြဲစကားမ်ားကို အတၳေဗဒရႈေထာင့္မွ ေလ့လာတင္ျပထားေသာ စာတမ္းျဖစ္ပါသည္။ "ဘာသာစကားဟူသည္ေျပာင္းလဲတတ္ေသာသေဘာရွိသည္" ဟူေသာအဆိုႏွင့္အညီ ေနရာေဒသ၊ လူမႈအေျခအေနအရ အသြင္ကြဲျပားသြားေသာ လားရွိဳးေဒသိယ စကားမ်ားကို ဘာသာေဗဒ၏ နယ္ပယ္တစ္ခုျဖစ္ေသာ အတၳေဗဒက႑မွ အနက္အဓိပၸာယ္ခုႏွစ္မ်ိဳးႏွင့္ ဆန္းစစ္ေလ့လာတင္ျပထားပါသည္။ လားရွိဳးျမိဳ႔ သံုးေဒသိယစကားမ်ားမွ စံျမန္မာစကားႏွင္အသံုးကြဲေသာ နာမ္စကားလံုးမ်ား၊ ၾကိယာစကားလံုးမ်ား၊ လူမႈကိစၥသံုးစကားလံုးမ်ား၊ ၾကိယာဝိေသသနအသံုးမ်ားႏွင့္ ဝါက်အဆုံးသတ္ပစၥည္း စကားလုံးမ်ားကို မည္သည့္အဓိပၸာယ္ျဖင့္ သံုးႏႈန္းေနသည္ကို ေလ့လာေဖာ္ထုတ္ထားပါသည္။ ဤစာတမ္းကိုေလ့လာျခင္းအားျဖင့္ လာရႈိးေဒသိယစကား၏ အနက္တူရုပ္သြင္ကြဲေဝါဟာရကိုသိမွတ္ရသည္ သာမက ေဒသိယစကားႏွင့္ အတၱေဗဒ အနက္အဓိပၸာယ္ေလ့လာရာတြင္ အေထာက္အကူျဖစ္ေစမည္ဟု ယံုၾကည္မိပါသည္။

Authors : မာလာ ၊ ျဖဴျဖဴ ၊ ခင္မ်ိဳးေအး
(၁) ေဒါက္တာ ၊ ပါေမာကၡ (ဌာနမွဴး) ၊ ျမန္မာစာဌာန ၊ လားရႈိးတကၠသိုလ္
(၂) ေဒါက္တာ ၊ ကထိက ၊ ျမန္မာစာဌာန ၊ လားရႈိးတကၠသိုလ္
(၃) လက္ေထာက္ ကထိက ၊ ျမန္မာစာဌာန ၊ လားရႈိိတကၠသိုလ္

Remark : Lashio University Research Journal 2014, Vol-5.

Geology of the Sintaung Area, Lashio Township

Abstract : The study area lies in the central portion of the Lashio Basin. The stratigraphic succession in the study area is Nwabangyi Dolomite Formation (Upper Permian-Middle Triassic) and Hsipaw Redbeds (Lower Jurassic-Upper Jurassic). Nwabangyi Dolomite Formation is mainly composed of highly brecciated dolomites and thin to medium bedded , light grey to grey dolomitic limestone. Nwabangyi Dolomite Formation is unconformably overlain by thick bedded, limestone pebble conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone and shale with various colours of red and purple. Various sizes of angular blocks and conglomerates are widely distributed and it can be used as decorative stone.

Authors : Zar Ni Swe , Maw Maw Win , Pyi Soe Thein
               
Remark : Lashio University Research Journal 2013, Vol.4, No.1

Taxonomical and Palynological Characters on Ten Species of Family Convolvula

Abstract : Ten taxa belonging to the Convolvlaceae have been collected, identified and classified. All the specimens both wild and cultivated were collected from Upper Myanmar. Most species are twining herbs but they may vary from small prostrate herbs to lianans. Morphologically the classification of this family is based on fruit types (dehiscent or indehiscent) and pollen (smooth or spinulose). The name of some genera have been transferred from that of previous ones namely Quamoclit from Mina and Xenostegia from Merremia. The taxonomical data of all collected taxa have been throughly described and illustrated with photographs.
                 In addition, pollen morphology of above taxa have been recorded with their aperture type, number, position and sculpture pattern of exine by using only light microscopy under 40X magnification. Convolulaceae is eurypalynous family. Pollen characters are distinctly variable such as polarity, shape, apertural types and exine sculpturing. The outline of pollen image for each taxa were represented by their equatorial view, polar view and surface view.

Authors : Swe Swe Win , Dr, Assistant Lecturer, Botany Department, Lashio University

Remark : Lashio University Research  Journal 2013, Vol.4, No.1

Histological Characters of Leaflets on Senna alata L.and Tamarindus indica L.

Abstract : Histological study on leaflets of Senna alata L. and Tamarindus indica L. were investigated. These two species of family Caesalpiniaceae were mostly found on sandy soil and especially in central Myanmar.The specimens were collected from Htan-Taw Village, Amarapura Township, Mandalay. The morphological characters of these plants have been studied and identified. Histological studies of these two species had been undertaken. Senna alata  L. is a perennial shrub to small tree and Tamarindus indica  L. is a large tree. Unipinnate compound leaves are found in these species. The leaves of these species are dorsiventral type and reticulate venation. In section cuttings found as distinguishable into epidermal, ground and vascular tissue system. In these two species, straight cell wall and paracytic type of stomata were found on both surfaces of the leaflets. In Senna alata  L., rosette shaped of crystals were found, while in Tamarindus india L, prism shaped crystals were found. Vascular bundles were found as collateral type in both species. Histological characters of leaflets of both species studied were recorded and presented with colour plates.

Authors : Yee Yee Lwin / Demonstrator, Botany Department, Lashio University.

Remark : Lashio University Research Journal 2013, Vol-4.

Occurrence of Some Bacterial Species in Ore and Soil Samples of Kyisintaung and Sabaitaung Copper Mine

Abstract : Isolattion and identification of bacteria from the ore and soil sample from Sabai-taung and Kyisin-taung copper mine tailing, Salingyi Township, Sagaing Division from June, 2009 to June , 2010. Ore (n=1) and soil samples (n=7) were collected directly from 20.23 cm depth in copper mine tailing from different study sites. A total of nine genera of bacteria namely Arthrobacter  sp., Bacillus  sp., Cellulomonas  sp., Falvobacterium  sp., Micrococcus  sp., Mycococcus  sp., Nitrobacter  sp., Pseudomonas  sp., and Thiobacillus  sp. were isolated.Their morphology and biochemical analysis have been taken by the variety of tests at Biotechnology Lab., Zoology Department, Yangon University. In addition isolation of bioleaching bacteria Thiobacillus  species have been done on the specific media, determinations of colony formation unit (CFU/ml) for each species and studied on their generation times at different sample/sites. The environmental effect on interaction of microorganisms and chemical composition of studied ore and soil samples have been discussed.

Authors : Khin Aye Aye Tun / Demonstrator, Department of Zoology, Lashio University.

Remark : Lashio University Research Journal 2013, Vol-4.

Histological Changes of Ovary Development in Channa orientalis, Block & Schneider, 1801

Abstract : A total of 138 female Channa orientalis  Bloch & Schneider, 1801 sampled from Thanmataw Village, Patheingyi Township were used to evaluate the reproductive condition during June 2007 to May 2008. Seasonal histological changes of ovaries were analyzed. Based on seasonal histological changes of ovaries, the reproductive cycle of the above species is designated into prespawning season (January-February), spawning season (March-October) and postspawning season (November-December). The ovary development was identified into six stages (chromatin nucleolar, perinucleolar, cortical alveoli, vitellogenic, ripe and spent).The highest % of ripe oocytes was found during March-October.The oocyte and nucleus diameters varied in different developmental stages. Since the different stages of oocyte development were observed throughout the year, C. orientalis is an asynchronous spawner.

Authors : Aye Aye Than, Thant Zin
(1) Lecturer, Dr., Zoology Department, Lashio University.
(2) Professor, Dr, Zoology Department, University of Mandalay.

Remark : Lashio University Research Journal 2013, Vol-4.

APPLICATION OF CONFORMAL MAPPINGS

Abstract : In this paper, we studied the conformal mappings. Also we derived the velocity, the drag and the lift using the conformal mappings with some examples.

Authors : Lay Lay San / Dr, Assistant Lecturer, Department of Mathematics, Lashio University.

Remark : Lashio University Research Journal 2013, Vol-4.

THE APPLICATION EXPERIMENTS OF LIGHT METER

Abstract : The four experiments described in this paper which provides students the opportunity to study the light intensity and luminous. The first of these experiments is the measurement of the illuminations and changes of the amount of light with the different colour of wax papers (yellow, red, blue and green) and changes with several thicknesses of the paper. The second one is the measurement of the illumination of the light which passes through the various colours of the glass slabs. The third experiment is the determinations of the light intensity of the light source (LED tough) which varies with the source to meter distances and collimator effect. In this case the four types of collimator and various lengths of collimators are used. The forth  experiment is the LED lamps which require less power to produce the same level of brightness as an incandescent lamp. Lux meter (model LT300), EXTECH instrument, is used to measure the illumination of the light in all measurements. So these experiments describe the applications of the light meter.

Authors : Htet Htet Aung, Honey Tun Shwe, Khin Thida Tun, Khine Su Wai Phyoe and Kay Thi Thin
(1,2,3,4)  Physics Second Year Honours Students, Lashio University.
(5) Professor in Physics Department, Lashio University.

Remark : Lashio University Research Journal 2013, Vol-4.